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 Director

Professor Gareth Taylor Professor Gareth Taylor
Email Professor Gareth Taylor Research Centre Director/Professor
Prof Gareth Taylor - Professor of Power Systems Director of BIPS Research Centre - Ã÷ÐÇ°ËØÔ Interdisciplinary Power Systems Module Leader - MSc Sustainable Electrical Power Gareth joined Ã÷ÐÇ°ËØÔ in May 2000 from the University of Greenwich in London. He was appointed as a National Grid Post-doctoral Scholar from 2000-2003 and joined Electronic and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering and Design as a lecturer in June 2003. He established the new MSc Sustainable Electrical Power as the Course Director in September 2006. He has been a research active member of the Ã÷ÐÇ°ËØÔ University Research Centre BIPS since May 2000 and was appointed as Director in 2010. He was appointed as a Professor in Power Systems in 2012 and as the Head of the Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering from May 2019 to June 2023. He is a Senior Member of the IEEE and is a Fellow of the IET. He is also a Chartered Engineer and a Fellow of the Higher Education Academy. From 2016-22 he was also the elected UK Regular Member for CIGRE Ã÷ÐÇ°ËØÔ Committee D2 Information Systems and Telecommunication. In 2023 he was also appointed as a member of the Strategic Advisory Group (SAG) for the CIGRE Ã÷ÐÇ°ËØÔ Committee D2.He was also appointed as a Visiting Professor within the Control & Power Research Group, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London from 1st October 2023 to 30th September 2026. He has contributed to over 250 research publications concerning applied mathematics, data communications, information systems and high performance computing in electrical power systems and engineering. His current research interests include: Smart Grids; Renewable Energy Systems; Micro-generation; Reactive power & voltage control; Power systems & network communications and information systems; Power system & network operation; Power system economics & electricity markets. MSc Module leader for Energy Economics & Power markets, Power Systems Analysis & Security and Smart Grid Operation & Management Lecturing in Power Systems and Smart Grids

Full members

Professor Maozhen Li Professor Maozhen Li
Email Professor Maozhen Li Vice-Dean of the NCUT TNE programme/Professor
Education PhD in Software Engineering, Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1997. MSc in Image Processing, Department of Computer Science, North University of China, 1994. BSc in Computer Science, Department of Computer Science, North University of China, 1991. Employment Oct 2013 - present, Professor, Dept. of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Ã÷ÐÇ°ËØÔ Oct 2009 - Sept 2013, Senior Lecturer, Dept. of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Ã÷ÐÇ°ËØÔ Feb 2002 - Sept 2009, Lecturer, Dept. of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Ã÷ÐÇ°ËØÔ Jan 1999 - Jan 2002, Post-Doctoral Research Associate, School of Computer Science, Cardiff University High Performance Computing MPI, Grid computing, Cloud computing Big Data Analytics Data intensive applications with MapReduce/Hadoop smart grids, spam filtering, image annotation, information retrieval, financial risk management Knowledge and Data Engineering Context aware mobile computing, knowledge discovery with rough sets, Semantic Web, ontology alignment Data Mining and Machine Learning Deep learning for human re-dientification based on walking patterns Mobile sensing for large scale urban air quality estimation, which explores real-time and fine-grained air quality information (PM2.5, PM10, SO2) throughout a city, based on the (historical and real-time) air quality data reported by constructing large-scale mobile sensing nodes (e.g. low-cost sensors) and a variety of data sources observed in the city, such as meteorology, traffic flow, structure of road networks, and point of interests (POIs). Computer Networks Network Computing High Performance Computing
 Maysam Abbod Maysam Abbod Education Dr Maysam F. Abbod (FIET, CEng, SMIEEE, SFHEA) He received BSc degree in Electrical Engineering fromUniversity of Technology in 1987. PhD in Control Engineering fromUniversity ofSheffield in 1992. From 1993 to 2006 he was with the Department of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering at theUniversity of Sheffield as a research associate and senior research fellow His main research interests are in intelligent systems for modelling, control and optimisation. Developed systems were applied to industrials and biomedical modelling, and computer control of manufacturing systems. The main research areas are: · Intelligent systems biomedical applications. · Modelling and control of electrical power quality. · Stock exchange market modelling · Intelligent systems for credit scoring · Intelligent hybrid modelling and control of distillation column systems. · Time series modelling. · Hybrid modelling techniques (multivariate/time series). · Developments of advanced process modelling, optimisation and control strategies · Data mining and data driven modelling techniques. Intelligent systems techniques includes fuzzy logic (FL), neural networks (NN), neuro-fuzzy systems (NFS), hybrid systems, genetic algorithms (GAs), genetic programming (GP), particle swarm optimisation (PSO), cellular automata (CA), non-linear Principal component analysis (PCA), support vector machine (SVM), empirical model decomposition (EMD). Artificial Intelligence, Modelling and Optimisation
Dr Ahmed Zobaa Dr Ahmed Zobaa Ahmed Faheem Zobaa is an experienced academic in Electrical Power Engineering, with degrees from Cairo University, the University of Exeter, and Ã÷ÐÇ°ËØÔ. His academic journey started at Cairo University, where he served in various roles including Instructor, Teaching Assistant, and Assistant Professor from 1992 to 2007. He then took on a role as a Senior Lecturer in renewable energy at the University of Exeter from 2007 to 2010, before moving to Ã÷ÐÇ°ËØÔ as a Senior Lecturer in power systems from 2010 to 2019. Currently, he is a Reader in electrical and power engineering and a member of the Ã÷ÐÇ°ËØÔ Interdisciplinary Power Systems Research Centre. His areas of expertise include power quality, renewable energy (including marine), smart grids, energy efficiency, lighting applications, and Education. Lighting Applications. Power quality problems in power systems. Grid integration of (marine) renewable energy. Design, performance analysis, and cost benefit analysis of (marine) renewable energy systems. Energy management. Energy Systems. Smart Grids. Education. Power Systems. Energy and Environment. Smart Grids. Education. Level 4: Electronic Engineering Workshop (2010-2018). Level 5: Electrical Engineering and Sustainability (2010-2014), Work Placement (2012-present). Level 6: Project (2010-present), Renewable Energy in Power Systems (Developer & Module Leader 2011-2021), Control Systems (Module Leader 2018-2021), CQUPT: Control Systems (2020-present), Sustainable Electrical Energy Systems (Developer & Module Leader 2021-present), Robotics and Control Systems (Developer & Module Leader 2021-2022, Co-Lecturer 2022-present). Level 7: Power System Analysis and Security (2015-present), Applied Sensors, Instrumentation and Control (2014-present), Renewable Energy and Power Electronics Systems (Developer & Module Leader 2013-2014), Sustainable Electrical Power Workshop (Module Leader 2013-2020, Co-Lecturer 2020-present), Power System Stability and Control (Module Leader 2010-present), Sustainable Power Generation (Module Leader 2011-present), Power Electronics and FACTS (2010-2022), Dissertation (2013-present).
Dr Chun Sing Lai Dr Chun Sing Lai
Email Dr Chun Sing Lai Senior Lecturer in Electrical Engineering and Power Systems
Dr Chun Sing Lai is a Senior Lecturer (Associate Professor) and Course Director for MSc Electric Vehicle Systems. He joined Ã÷ÐÇ°ËØÔ as a Lecturer (Assistant Professor) in Jan 2020. He is an academic member of the Transnational Education (TNE) CQUPT programme for BEng Electronics and Communications Engineering. He is a member of Ã÷ÐÇ°ËØÔ Interdisciplinary Power Systems (BIPS) Research Centre. His current interests are in power system optimisation, energy system modeling, data analytics, electric vehicle systems, hybrid powertrains optimisation, and energy economics for renewable energy and storage systems. From 2018 to 2020, Dr Lai was an EPSRC Research Fellow with the Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Leeds as the lead researcher for EP/P022049/1: Generation Integrated Energy Storage - A Paradigm Shift. He is a Visiting Research Fellow at the School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds and Visiting Research Fellow with the Department of Electrical Engineering, School of Automation, Guangdong University of Technology, China. He is Vice-Chair of the IEEE Smart Cities Publications Committee. Since 2022, Dr Lai is Associate Vice President, Systems Science and Engineering of the IEEE Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Society (IEEE/SMCS). Since 2020, Dr Lai is Vice-counsellor for Ã÷ÐÇ°ËØÔ IEEE Student Branch. He is a Member of Early Career Researchers Committee of EPSRC Supergen Energy Storage Network+. He organised the workshop on Smart Grid and Smart City, IEEE SMC 2017 in Canada and a workshop on Blockchain for Smart Grid, IEEE SMC 2018 in Japan. He was a Publications Co-Chair for IEEE International Smart Cities Conference ISC2 (2020 and 2021). Dr Lai is a Technical Programme Chair for IEEE ISC2 2022 and Publications Co-Chair for 2022 the 12th International Conference on Power and Energy Systems (ICPES 2022). He was an Invited Speaker at 2023 6th Asia Conference on Energy and Electrical Engineering (ACEEE 2023) and 2023 6th International Conference on Power and Smart Grid. He has successfully secured funding to lead Standards-Related Activities in 2022-23 from IEEE Technical Activities Board Committee on Standards (TAB CoS). He is a recipient of the IET International Travel Award and Meritorious Service Award from the IEEE SMC Society for "meritorious and significant service to IEEE SMC Society technical activities and standards development" in 2022. In 2024, the Technical Committee on Intelligent Power and Energy Systems (IPES) chaired by Dr Chun Sing Lai and Prof Loi Lei Lai recieved the IEEE Most Active SMC Technical Committee Award for Systems Science and Engineering. Dr Lai is an Associate Editor for IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems (IF: 8.6), IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics (IF: 4.3); IET Energy Conversion and Economics, and Frontiers in Energy Research (Smart Grids) (IF: 2.6). He is an Editorial Board member for Sensors (Industrial Sensors, IF: 3.4), Topics Board member for Electronics, and Reviewer Board member for Applied Sciences, as well as Guest Editor for several IEEE and MDPI journals. Dr Lai has co-authored "Smart Energy for Transportation and Health in a Smart City", Wiley, 2023. He is a book editor for "Electrification of Smart Cities", Electronics 2022. He is a Member and Contributor to IEEE Task Force on Enabling Paradigms for High-performance Computing in Wide Area Monitoring Protective and Control Systems. He has contributed to six journal papers that appear on Web of Science as Highly Cited Papers with three as the lead author. Since 2021, he is recognised as the top 2% of world active scientists by survey conducted by Stanford University. Dr Lai is a frequent reviewer for research grant applications such as National Fund for Scientific and Technological Development (FONDECYT), Government of Chile. Energy and power system optimisation, energy system modelling, energy data analytics, techno-economic analysis, and financial modelling for energy system
Dr Zhengwen Huang Dr Zhengwen Huang
Email Dr Zhengwen Huang Senior Lecturer in Digital Systems and Microprocessors
Zhengwen`s research interests include evolutionary algorithm, gene expression programming, machine learning, data engineering g for big data analytics in Smart Grid, HPC, Smart manufacturing etc. fields.​ His research expertises include high-performance computing, Data science, His research is focused on evolutionary algorithms (gene expression programming, genetic programming), data engineering/implementation and Systems Modelling/Simulation and optimazation for Smart Grid. EE1655 Digital Systems and Microprocessors EE1619 Engineering Science and Society EE1616 Devices and Circuits
Dr Marko Aunedi Dr Marko Aunedi
Email Dr Marko Aunedi Senior Lecturer in Electronic and Electrical Engineering
Marko Aunedi is a Senior Lecturer at the Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering at Ã÷ÐÇ°ËØÔ with 23 years of research experience in energy system modelling and optimisation. He obtained his MEng and MSc degrees from the University of Zagreb, Croatia, and his PhD from Imperial College London. Between 2007 and 2023 he held several positions at Imperial College London, most recently the role of Advanced Research Fellow. Marko's research interests cover system integration of renewables and low-carbon technologies in future energy systems, impact assessment of heat and transport electrification, integrated whole-energy system modelling, impact of flexible demand and benefits of energy storage. His expertise lies in building optimisation and simulation models for low-carbon energy systems. Marko contributed to many European and UK-based research projects focused on energy system flexibility and grid impact of transport and heat decarbonisation. He has led several strategically important studies on the value of flexibility for energy system decarbonisation carried out for organisations such as the Climate Change Committee (CCC), BEIS, Ofgem and Carbon Trust, as well as for many industrial partners. Marko has published over 40 papers and delivered invited lectures on smart grids and energy storage in various events around the world. He regularly reviews manuscripts for leading energy journals and research project proposals for EPSRC, Innovate UK and Latvian Council of Science. As an external expert, he has worked with major international organisations such as IRENA, IEA, IAEA and the UNFCCC Secretariat. Integrated whole-energy system modelling and optimisation System integration of renewables and low-carbon technologies Impact assessment of heat and transport electrification Benefits of flexible demand and energy storage Role of flexibility in low-carbon energy systems
Professor Mohamed Darwish Professor Mohamed Darwish Professor Mohamed K Darwish - Course Director for MSC in Advanced Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Professor in Power Electronics and Systems, Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Design and Physical Sciences, Ã÷ÐÇ°ËØÔ, UK. He has over 40 years experience of research and teaching in the area of Power Electronics, Renewable Energy Sources, Research Environment and Power Systems. His research interests include Power Active Filtering techniques, UPS systems, Electric Vehicles, Enviromental Research, and Power Quality issues. Professor Darwish is also a Chartered Engineer and the IET Student Counsellor at Ã÷ÐÇ°ËØÔ. Power Electronics: Electric Vehicles; Battery Management System; Active Filters; UPS Systems, Energy Efficient Snubber Circuits; Multilevel Inverters. Renewable Energy System: Solar Energy, Energy Storage, Energy Environment & Economy. Electrical Power System: Power System Protection, Relay Coordination, Advanced Electrical Safety Professor Darwish has contributed to over 200 research papers in leading journals and conferences and two books on \"Notes on Electrical and Electronic Engineering\" and \"The Essence of Electrical, Electronic, Power Electronics and Mechatronics Engineering\". He has supervised more than 35 PhD research students and was the Principle Investigator for several EPSRC, Innovate UK, KTP and British Council grants. Professor Darwish is teaching or has taught the following modules: Electrical Devices and Systems Electronics and Digital Systems Advanced Electronics Computers & Their Applications Power Electronics Energy Systems Electrical Power Systems Electronic, Electrical & Microprocessor Applications Advanced Power Electronics Systems Design of Mechatronic Systems - MSc Power Electronics and Drives - MSc Advanced Vehicular Systems Technology - MSc Short Courses: Dr Darwish has delivered the following short courses for several companies in the Middle East, Europe and USA: Power Quality - Causes, effects & solutions. Advanced Power Electronics. Power Generation Operation & Control. Generator Control and Protection. Modern Power System Protective. Electrical Faults Diagnosis & Troubleshooting. Protection Relays & Electrical Installation. Maintenance of Electrical Power Equipment. Power Systems Control and Stability. Maintenance & Troubleshooting of UPS and Battery System. Concentrated Solar Power. Renewable Energy Systems. Power System Stability and Control. Advanced Electrical Safety.
Dr Ioana Pisica Dr Ioana Pisica
Email Dr Ioana Pisica Reader in Power Systems
Dr Ioana Pisica is currently Reader (Associate Professor) in Power Systems. She graduated from the National Technical University of Bucharest with a BSc in Information systems for power engineering. She susbequently received her MSc in Information Systems from the Academy of Economic Studies from Bucharest and her PhD from the National Technical University of Bucharest in Machine Learning for Power Systems. In the recent years Ioana has been actively researching modern optimization techniques for power systems with distributed generation and FACTS devices, machine learning for power systems control, power quality and smart metering. Ioana was also involved in agent based modelling, smart metering communications and analysis of large amounts of data from smart meters as part of the EPSRC ADEPT project in collaboration with the University of Oxford. She was PI on a UK-Turkey project on smart distribution systems and Co-I on several transmission and distribution research projects. Her current research interests focus on smart grids, power system analysis and control, dynamic electricity tariffs, netowrk and demand flexibility and ICT infrastructures for future power networks. Module leader: EE2653: Electrical Engineering and Sustainability EE5624: Applied Sensors, Instrumentation and Control EE5520: Power Systems Analysis and Security EE5523: Sustainable Electrical Power Workshop Other modules taught: EE3624: Renewable Energy in Power Systems EE5633: Smart grid operation and management EE5524/EE5124 Sustainable Power Generation EE5521/EE5121 Power System Stability and Control

Associate members

Professor Panos Louvieris Professor Panos Louvieris
Email Professor Panos Louvieris Professor - Information System
Panos Louvieris is Professor of Information Systems and leads the Defence & Cyber Security (DCS) research group in the Department of Computer Science at Ã÷ÐÇ°ËØÔ and co-director of the Ã÷ÐÇ°ËØÔ Intelligent Digital Economy and Society (IDEAS) Research Centre. His research interests are data and information fusion, defence and cyber security analytics, and computational finance in the digital economy. He is co-director of the Trusted Open Models Institute (TOMI) at the Hartree Centre concerning the assurance of AI computational models. He is a committee member of the EPSRC Digital Personhood Network. In addition, he is a member of EPSRC ITaaU+ Network and NEMODE+ Network. Cybersecurity, Data and Information Fusion, Causal Reasoning and Explainable AI, Smart Decision Support Systems, Distributed Ledger Technologies for FinTech CS3609 Cybersecurity CS5517 ICTs and Strategic Change
Professor Danae Manika Professor Danae Manika
Email Professor Danae Manika Acting Executive Dean - CBASS / Professor - Marketing and Business Education
Danae Manika (PhD, University of Texas at Austin) is Professor of Marketing at Ã÷ÐÇ°ËØÔ Business School and Acting Executive Dean of the College of Business, Arts and Social Sciences (CBASS). Previously, Danae was Deputy Dean of CBASS and Associate Head of Ã÷ÐÇ°ËØÔ Business School. Before joining Ã÷ÐÇ°ËØÔ, she was Professor of Marketing at Newcastle University Business School, where she led its London Campus as Academic Group Head and held the Deputy Director of Research role at Newcastle University Business School. Danae in the past has also held academic positions at Queen Mary University of London, Durham University and the University of Texas at Austin; and is currently Visiting Professor at Newcastle University and Queen Mary University of London. Prior to her academic career, Danae worked as an Account Planning Intern in advertising agencies such as Latinworks in Austin, TX, and DDB in New York. She obtained a Ph.D and a M.A. in Advertising from the University of Texas at Austin, and a B.A. Honours in Marketing from University of Stirling. Danae’s recent research has been published in journals such as: Journal of Service Research, Journal of Business Ethics, Tourism Management, Annals of Tourism Research, Psychology and Marketing, European Journal of Marketing, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Journal of Business Research, European Management Review, and International Business Review, amongst others. Using an interdisciplinary approach, Danae’s research focuses on effective message construction for behaviour change within the contexts of health, well-being and the environment. She is involved in various consultancies (e.g., Harrow Council, Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea Council, RECOUP, Global Action Plan, Texas Comprehensive Cancer Control Coalition), and her research has been supported by £414,000+ of funding (e.g., CRUK, EPSRC/Innovate UK, NERC/NCAS, RED, and Arrow/ERDF). Danae is Section Editor for the Journal of Business Ethics (section: Marketing Ethics; FT50 journal), and Associate Editor (AE) for Business and Society and the Journal of Current Issues and Research in Advertising, while in the past she was AE for the Journal of Marketing Management (2017-21). She is also currently on the Editorial Review Boards of:Technological Forecasting & Social Change, and Journal of Marketing Management; with guest editor experience across multiple top journals. Danae also has experience as: funding reviewer for Cancer Research UK (2015-19); and track chair for the Academy of Marketing Science World Marketing Congress Conference in 2023, the Transformative Consumer Research Conference in 2021, and the European Social Marketing Association Conference in 2016. Using an interdisciplinary approach, blending the lines between marketing, advertising and psychology her research aims to answer a fundamental marketing research question: How to diminish the knowledge-behaviour gap? Particularly, her research focuses on effective message construction for behaviour change. It takes an information processing approach, which identifies, classifies and examines cognitive (e.g., knowledge, confidence, trust, values) and affective (e.g., pride, fear, disgust) factors that influence individuals’/consumers’/employees’ decisions and choices after exposure to campaigns/messages/interventions, and translate knowledge acquisition to behaviour change/formation. Her research is theory-based but practically applicable research, and often uses health (e.g., weight control, alcohol consumption, vaccination), well-being and environmental (e.g. energy saving, recycling) social issues as the venue for understanding the knowledge-behaviour gap, with direct implications for persuasive communication and behavioural interventions that motivate health and environmental action. The campaigns/messages/interventions often examined involve digital components (e.g., websites, social media, mobile applications, online tracking tools) and technology adoption behaviours (e.g., adoption and usage of technology-based solutions). Other projects with information technology and effective message construction focus include: social media service failure apologies, online petitions, and online political engagement. Side projects include innovative research methodologies, female-disparaging adverts, and consumer animosity, amongst others. Danae’s recent research has been published in journals such as Journal of Service Research, Journal of Business Ethics, Tourism Management, Annals of Tourism Research, Psychology and Marketing, European Journal of Marketing, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Journal of Business Research, European Management Review, International Business Review, Information Technology and People, Studies in Higher Education, Journal of Marketing Management, Computers in Human Behavior, International Journal of Advertising, Journal of Health Communication, Journal of Marketing Communications, Health Marketing Quarterly, and Multivariate Behavioral Research, amongst others. She often engages in research projects that require collaborations with other disciplines such as medicine, engineering and geography; and her research has been supported by £364,000+ of funding (e.g., CRUK, EPSRC/Innovate UK, RED, and Arrow/ERDF). She also strongly believes in the interplay and interdependence of academia, government, business and society and hence she is often involved in various consultancies (e.g., Harrow Council, Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea Council, RECOUP, Global Action Plan, Texas Comprehensive Cancer Control Coalition), in line with her research (i.e., effective message construction for behaviour change). Danae is Section Editor for the Journal of Business Ethics (section: Marketing Ethics; FT50 journal), and Associate Editor (AE) for Business and Society and the Journal of Current Issues and Research in Advertising, while in the past she was AE for the Journal of Marketing Management (2017-21). She is also currently on the Editorial Review Boards of: Technological Forecasting & Social Change, and Journal of Marketing Management; with guest editor experience across multiple top journals. Danae also has experience as: funding reviewer for Cancer Research UK (2015-19); and track chair for the Academy of Marketing Science World Marketing Congress Conference in 2023, the Transformative Consumer Research Conference in 2021, and the European Social Marketing Association Conference in 2016. Knowledge-Behaviour Gap Effective Message Construction for Behaviour Change Information Processing & Persuasive Communication Health Communication (Employee) Pro-environmental Behaviour Technology Adoption for Behaviour Change Consumer Psychology Social Marketing Advertising
Professor Paresh Date Professor Paresh Date
Email Professor Paresh Date Head of Department-Mathematics/Professor
I am an electrical engineer by background, with expertise spanning nonlinear state estimation (with applications in tracking and in finance), financial portfolio optimization and financial derivative pricing. My book 'Nonlinear estimation: methods and applications with deterministic sample points' was published by Taylor and Francis in 2019. Every home should have a copy. Algorithms for latent state estimation or ‘filtering’ in nonlinear time series and applications of filtering, especially for forecasting and risk measurement in mathematical finance. Financial modelling, especially modelling problems in microfinance. Optimization problems in power systems. Mathematical finance; nonlinear filtering, power systems optimization. 2014-2021: Year 1 Calculus (20 credits by volume, out of 120 credits for year 1) 2017-18: Year 2 Analysis (20 credits by volume, out of 120 credits for year 1) 2018-2022: Financial Mathematics MSc - Interest rate theory (15 out of 120 taught credits) 2018-2020: Financial Mathematics MSc - Financial Markets (15 out of 120 taught credits)

External Affiliate Members

Dr Martin Bradley, Dispatch Assurance Manager, National Grid ESO (Retired), UK
Dr Peter Imris, Senior Power Systems Engineer, Energy Systems Catapult, UK
Dr Barry Rawn, Associate Teaching Professor, Carnegie Mellon University, USA
Professor Xin Zhang, University of Sheffield, UK